you can dry your acetone with stuff like anhydrous epsom salt and other dessicates, although they might deposit in the material you are trying to purify. This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. Best is to use analysis-grade Acetone and methanol. Just buy a bottle of proper acetone :-) In the uk pharmacies have it behind the counter and you have to ask. If you're willing to work a little harder at removal, opt for removers that use propylene. If its not pure, its likely to contain other solvents that will dissolve amphetamines, thus making a wash impossible. (4.8.3) PhNH 2 ( a q) + HCl ( a q) PhNH 3 Cl ( a q) ( or PhNH 3 + Cl ) Basic amine . -jeffB, Jun 3, 2021 #10 + Quote Reply Stevearino, Bayern, OldSilverDollar and 1 other person like this. It can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl halides. It will make you very sick, OR KILL you (or your friends). Alternatively you could use a coffeefilter, I advise against this as more amphetamines gets left behind in the filter this way. This method applies a . That, some USP cotton balls or some Kleenex (original white) and the job will be done to your satisfaction. The stuff used for removing nail polish and fake nails is the next grade up though, and as a result, almost always contains less water. LD50 (oral) is about 2.7g/kg in rats. Amphetamine sulphate (duh) Is your acetone nail polish remover? Best Soy-Based + Best Plastic-Free: Karma Naturals Organic Nail Polish Remover with Soybean Oil and Lavender at Amazon . . 2 /5. Inexpensive. For this technique to be effective you have to use anhydrous acetone (contains no water), otherwise a percentage of your meth will dissolve in the water and will not remain in the filter paper and then discarded with the solution that contains the cut you are trying to remove. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. Sodium acetate gives a sour flavor similar to vinegar (same active group) but without the tanginess. There is no online registration for the intro class Terms of usage & Conditions John. I only mess with anhydrous acetone and seriously, people cannot disregard how explosive and volatile it is. To me, choice of purification is larely governed by economics and logistics (how much, how pure, how soon). Drinking methanol alone will cause paralysis and death improper removal of methanol is what caused so many moonshiners to go blind during the Prohibition years. Food grade PETE, HDPE, LDPE, FET/PTFE/Teflon, or polypropylene, like many oral syringes are made of, should be OK and have no extractables. Denatonium Benzoate is used (in tiny quantities) to make Ethanol and some other liquids very bitter so that they are not accidentally consumed. Sodium Benzoate is used as a preservative to prevent food from molding. As promised, here is Part 2 of my 3 part series, discussing the scientific and practical aspects of PVC and Acetone. @MaxW "Poisonous" is a bit exaggerated, isn't it? The gauge used in the pic is about right, smaller is fine too but if its too thin itll take more time.) If you mix your amphetamine with ammonia youll freebase it and get an oily, shit-smelling, corrosive liquid. http://puu.sh/9fzOo/b55a6ed122.jpg Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If you have a glass gallon jug, that's really all the space you need, won't smell much, and there's a number of recent threads including one started by a member living in Saudi Arabia. Basic compounds such as amines can be extracted from organic solutions by shaking them with acidic solutions to convert them into more water-soluble salts. What youre left with after an acetone wash will be a product that powders very easily and is notably more pure.) 100% acetone. Psychedelic news, articles, interviews and art from the DMT-Nexus and other sources. Another common slang is eurospeed. or i can use it same as described in the above steps Acetone acts as a solvent that dissolves a lot of cutting agents (not amphetamines) but not cocaine so that they can be filtered out. Ingredients. Denatonium benzoate is added to methylated spirits to make the product have an intensely bitter taste to reduce the amount of liquid likely to be consumed. This drug is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Dunno what you're talking about but the melting point is 160C. Look up a material compatibility chart on google for more. In this experimental studies, we propose a novel method that detects in a fast way the remnants of denatonium benzoate in dubious alcohol samples by Raman spectroscopy. Safer to Use. Is a collection of years plural or singular? I wish I hadn't fallen asleep in chemistry so often. Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. 2014, 59, 1358-1363 how to remove denatonium benzoate from acetone; 0. how to remove denatonium benzoate from acetone. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Or am I misunderstanding and the amphetamine is actually going to dissolve in acetone and be extracted this way so its not a wash? It could be damn near anything. - MaxW Mar 15, 2016 at 21:32 I suggest purchasing Everclear (95% $\ce {EtOH}$) and using calcium chloride to dry it. People smoking speed usually do it with the HCl salt. (Needle optional, but it does facilitate the process. Thus, I added 3% hydrogen peroxide into my nail polish remover, and lo and behold, the bitter taste was gone, replaced by something that tasted like old chewing gum with a fruity aftertaste. I thought that I would see if I can remove them with acetone, but the only "100%" acetone that I can find has denatonium benzoate listed as an ingredient. Your body makes it from fat molecules when they are metabolized. well take a little bit of your gear and try it but i wouldnt be suprised if it doesnt work. [Distillation is all about the vapor pressure curve. A syringe and a Q-tip.10ml is best, or even bigger is better if youre using a needle. The vapours are volatile and can flash back to the container and cause a boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion. I'd get some different acetone. It is good that you took the time to read the label. Material: Does Not Apply. I would like to build my own still when I find a bit of spare time this winter (southern hemisphere) I am thinking about splashing out and buying a still, but anyway this forum is great for a beginner like me. Less Regulated. And it doesnt seem to cause any problems anyway.Now, acetone evaporates really quickly, and that makes it get cold when its exposed to air. MathJax reference. Before using Denatonium Benzoate, inform your doctor about your current list of medications, over the counter products (e.g. Spectroscopical measurement of the samples thus obtained clearly showed degradation products of the bitterant. Pour acetone over the amphetamines until it is well covered with acetone. http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/MTUyOVg4OTM=/z/YFoAAOxyOlhS9jZR/$_14.JPG. Chloroform can be used as a topical painkiller. how to remove denatonium benzoate from acetonegriffin park demolishedgriffin park demolished Thanks, Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Metals are OK but acetone will remove any grease, oil or pant on them. 1982 Confederation Dollar Small Jewels Or Regular? Are These "uncle Paul" Brand Albums Safe For Storage? The denatonium benzoate could probably be removed effectively by distillation which wouldn't remove the tert-Butyl alcohol which is poisonous for animals (including humans). Impurities in the drying agent could be an issue. FAQ - All your basic questions and answers. Ethanol is only slightly less good. National Institutes of Health. Let me just say I have never done an acetone wash. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Please note that the following is not meant to be used as an instruction! Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. In solution the denatonium benzoate exists in equilibrium between the denatonium benzoate compound, the denatonium cation and benzoate anion. MPN: Does Not Apply. The easiest way to a streak free corrector is with what I've been using for 30+ years: Windex, original blue Windex. Remember acetone will eat many plastics, paints, and varnishes. A more constructive and less obnoxious response would have explored the issues and suggested possibilities. UPC: 0717937030306. Just make sure that it is pure. So here are lots of perfectly correct answers to that question.Bitrex is.Denatonium Benzoate - to give it its full, technical name. Just be careful with this one as too much can destroy your watch. This is apparently a thing now that people are writing exams from home. Acetone is flammable, but not ultra explosive-flammable, like things like ether, propane, acetylene, hydrogen, MAPP or butane gases or liquids with very high vapour pressure. This is a non-discussion topic. (LogOut/ Its anonymous and worth the money. The home-made methods utilize sodium hypochlorite to disintegrate particles of denatonium benzoate in alcohol and to remove bitter taste before trading. Acetone, Denatonium Benzoate. Denatonium Benzoate is used (in tiny quantities) to make Ethanol and some other liquids very bitter so that they are not accidentally consumed. General information: Immediately remove any clothing soiled by the product. sekio edit: Without lab testing, you as a layman can only guess at purity and composition of substances. This is a technique taught in the first semester of organic chemistry lab. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc. Its 10x better than I could come up with so . Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. Do you guys think has any entheogenic potential? I have denatured ethyl alcohol which was obtained this formula; In 100 L ethyl alcohol there is 0.8 gr denatonium benzoate and 78 gr tert-Butyl alcohol. Extracting Bases. Do most ppl just not worry about removing denaturing agents, and just use their IPA/acetone straight out of the bottle? Acetone cleaner has a lower boiling point than alternative options and must be handled carefully as it is flammable. Would this method remove glucose powder from base amphetamine? http://www.walmart.com/ip/ONYX-Professionals-100-Pure-Acetone-Nail-Polish-Remover-16-fl-oz/11047134 http://puu.sh/9fhyW/b8e4ba8830.jpg alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone, alpha-ppp, a-ppp, nrg-3, please advise me, can i take chlorpromazine with trazodone they both increase QTc interval, home aide lightbulb meth pipe has crystalized meth in the stem. Eliminate scratches from a watch face For small scratches on unbreakable glass, you can rub in Acetone to remove the scratch of the surface levels. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Thats really not as critical as people make it out to be though, so I figured Id talk about whats really important here.First off, there are two grades of acetone that are commercially available: the stuff sold in hardware stores, and the stuff sold in drugstores and beauty salons. Reagent color change tests can help to identify pure substances, but are unhelpful at identifying mixtures. 1. put the coin in acetone for 5-10 minutes, or longer if needed. We dont allow substance ID. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); on Important considerations when doing an acetone wash by HeisenbergSpecial. it says 100% pure, yet the second ingredient is denatonium benzoate. Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing. Mumbai, India Office No-203, Stanford Plaza, B-65, Off Link . water mixes with acetone and IPAso adding water wont work, Removing Denatonium benzoate from IPA/acetone. . Directions. I mean, isnt the acetone you are taking with the syringe going to be discarded, and the product eventually consumed the undissolved amphetamine left in the plate? I don't see any obvious advantage to using vacuum at any practical operating pressure; the boiling point and condensation temperature depend on this pressure.] hardware store acetone is not going to be anhydrous and probably nowhere near dry enough to do this without wasting some product. Hillbilly Rebel: Unless you are one of the people on this site who are legalling distilling, keep a low profile, don't tell, don't sell. how to remove denatonium benzoate from acetone 3- Classes pack for $45 how to remove denatonium benzoate from acetone for new clients only. Of course drinking a lot of lidocaine may kill you too, not sure but it seems like a bad idea, of course the benzene you need to remove would also be bad. Denatonium Lidocaine As for the bittering stuff, if you could cleave off the benzene and remove that, you'd have alcohol and lidocaine, which could be separated by distillation. Posted 12/01/2014 12:30 am. It seams like it would leach some chemicals from the plastic? Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score - one for hazard and one for data availability. Contains Bitrex. Denatonium is used in rubbing alcohol as an inactive ingredient. Vaccum distillation won't work on acetone so normal distillation and rise the temp very very slowly. Also, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged. Most people wont ever come accross real amphetamine base unless they turn the sulphate into base themselves. Acetone is also used for fibreglass repairs so if your near the sea shops for boat parts may have it. I found that a single run through a pot still left out most of the denatonium. Add your acetone solution to the crockpot and put it on low heat. Denatonium benzoate | C28H34N2O3 | CID 19518 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . It will destroy various kinds of plastics and dissolve some types of paint with continued use. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. acetone SDS. P317 Get medical help. I would not use it especially if it smelled perfumery. But it is mildly carcinogenic. Storage Instructions: Keep in a cool well ventilated place. I can share this experience and help underscore what has already been discussed above, and perhaps help save someone some trouble. I mean, isnt the acetone you are taking with the syringe going to be discarded, and the product eventually consumed the undissolved amphetamine left in the plate? Symptoms of poisoning may even occur after several hours; therefore medical observation for at least 48 hours after the . How about ammonia, I know people use it with coke , to be able to smoke it. I assume when you say pureacetone that means not from the hardware store, how can you tell the difference? Moderate. (For purification of amphetamine out of mystery mixtures, acid/base extraction is the gold standard.) Usually acetone and/or methanol, so its wise to let your amps dry before using them, even if youre not cleaning your amphetamines, as both of those are very detrimental to the body. Putting the acetone on a cloth and wiping it over germ-prone areas will kill the bacteria and sanitise the area. The Skin Deep scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Nail Polish Remover Type: Acetone. rev2023.3.3.43278. or i can use it same as described in the above steps, would something like this work Stimulants make you feel more invincible than you are, and since its stimulant users who will be using this, its important to me to be so explicitly clear that under the influence, you are not a good judge of your own character, so you may unknowingly decide not to do something meant to reduce the risk of making lethal mistakes that a sober and sane person wouldnt make. While ethanol smells bad enough. It took 0.23 seconds to rattle this change. I'm assuming that's what acetone is supposed to taste like. In this way, they can be extracted from an organic layer into an aqueous layer. Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. An easy way to test it for purity is to leave a small amount out in a loosely covered, clean, glass container and wait for it to evaporate. David Betts Elle Mae Clampett cruising with Dad eddiespin said: Now take your syringe, and using the qtip as a filter, draw up the acetone with your syringe. Name matches: sucrose octaacetate denatonium benzoate. Is that a viable way to clean your grinder? Waters with higher pH levels had less DB removal using chlorine oxidation in comparison to water with pH levels closer to 7. But takes a lot of time and so tiring for me. It is H332 (harmful if inhaled), not H330 ot H331. Movie with vikings/warriors fighting an alien that looks like a wolf with tentacles, Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. Report incorrect product information. 2.) From what Ive read about it anhydrous acetone is best. Unless you go to a lab supply house and are willing to pay for the pure grades, almost all of the commercially available solvents have significant impurities. TomB Posts: 18,922 March 26, 2011 1:55AM Please do not post entire problem sets or questions that you haven't attempted to answer yourself. 3.) clubcard. If you have problems with kids or animals eating your coins then it might be OK. Hi sekio, The efficacy and toxicity studies on denatonium benzoate are limited and may be subject to varying interpretations when viewed in the context of a potential poisoning situation. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The overall knowledge and encyclopedia of Denatonium benzoate covering characteristics, safety, usage, MSDS/SDS and more. These handy products can then be used as follows: 1.) While it may not be the healthiest option for . I guess they lie. That shits expensive. On the front of a container I see "100% Acetone," but on the back, the ingredients list has both acetone, "The infinite vibratory levels, the dimensions of interconnectedness are without end." Answer: Denatonium benzoate is the bittering agent used to denature ethanolthat is, make it unsuitable for drinking. (A good indication for caffeine in amphetamines/cocaine is that it wont chop to powder easily; but rather clump together and be a little sticky. Acetone is also pretty much nontoxic. Natural rubber, polycarbonate, acrylic, or polystyrene will all dissolve in acetone. could I do it in beakers and filter with Filter Paper Qualitative Medium 18cm (http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0019ZGTSC/ref=oh_details_o05_s01_i01?ie=UTF8&psc=1)???? I looked up the Pronto Acetone. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. would something like this work Distillation is simplest at atmospheric pressure with room temperature water as the condenser coolant. Go to check that up. Just a thought. this is a good method because it doesnt require filtration. If water is an issue, how anhydrous does the acetone have to be in your use? Glad someone bumped this brilliant thread. First lets get this common misconception out of the way. Always work with acetone in a well ventilated area, have something to clean up spills like vermiculite or cat litter (or paper towels or sawdust or something else absorbent) and wet it with cold water. Perhaps a mixed bed filtration or sequential filtration with a drying agent would be needed. In the study above, the authors used legally available legal alcoholic beverages (vodka, cognac, etc. Neutralize the smell of alcohol in liquid chalk. Its very simple; basically the nasty active cuts are soluble in acetone whereas amphetamines, cocaine and meth are not. Did a little more digging and found that denatonium benzoate is a bitter tasting additive that prevents people from drinking it. I bought a bottle of "100% Pure Acetone" but when I turned the bottle around, the ingredients list says "Acetone, Denatonium Benzoate". According to this solubility table, the best solvent for denatonium benzoate is methanol. Given your situation, is purification worth the extra time and expense over just buying the right grade of acetone in the first place? Also for recreational purposes wink. German Notgeld Collector Of 46 Years, From Uk. its no more dangerous than building a model airplane. [Why is denatonium benzoate (DB) an issue?] It was synthesized for the first time in 1963 by reacting benzyl chloride with lidocaine. Is that likely to cause me more grief? . We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Discussion in 'Alcohol' started by iranian, Jan 12, 2009. naphtha, lanolin, turpentine, Carnauba wax, gum arabic, ethylene glycol, carbon black. 100% Pure Acetone With Denatonium Benzoate? If benzoic acid is an issue, you might consider using a multiplate still. // Denaturants are chosen specifically to be hard to remove. would this end up messing up the gear? It is also stable and inert. Water Soluble. Apparently it has to be anhydrous acetone though since water will dissolve cocaine. It is safer to use a glass cleaner without ammonia. The amphetamines youll be left with will be much, much purer, and cleaner in effects. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Easy. About the discussion about the materials, the materials the syringe are made are actually irrelevant no? Just keep it out of any warm wet places like eyes and dont intentionally consume any more than about 5ml in a day. Having access to lab equipment, I analyzed some of the high end photographic lens cleaners using a GCMS and CAPGC equipment. It is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products. Good equipment and glassware also helps. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. It is the bitterest substance known, and only needs to be present in parts per million to be effective. -- Alex Grey. Keep away from light- it'll make the highly carcinogenic phosgene. Being so new, I don't have a lot to share. Report this Post to the Staff. What applications are you conceiving needed absolute ethanol for? There is only way to make own ethanol via fermantation. You can react the mixture directly with the oil, because the salt and Sodium acetate aren't reactive. Similar items you might like. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. (LogOut/ 1936 Buaffalo Nickel Is This An After Mint Error On My ? Use your imagination.) The hypochlorite treatment wouldn't remove the tert-Butyl alcohol which is poisonous. Sodium hydroxide, which you can react with cooking oil to make soap. What is the correct way to screw wall and ceiling drywalls? Sodium benzoate is deemed safe, and people generally don't exceed the ADI of 0-2.27 mg per pound (0-5 mg per kg) of body weight, though some individuals may be more sensitive. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc. But everyone always seems to obsess way too much about making sure that the acetone is bone dry first. It only takes a minute to sign up. Very difficult. 1. put the coin in acetone for 5-10 minutes, or longer if needed 2. remove coin from acetone, let sit in distilled water for a little bit 3. remove coin from water, dab dry very gently Couple hints. Pure acetone. If you buy any though, make sure it doesnt have dye in it and the bottle says 100% acetone on it. The home-made methods utilize sodium hypochlorite to disintegrate particles of denatonium benzoate in alcohol and to remove bitter taste before trading. So many people rush out and buy fingernail polish remover thinking it is the same as Acetone. According to Bitrex, one of the brands that use denatonium benzoate, hydrogen peroxide will "neutralise" Bitrex if it gets on your hands, so you can avoid the bitter taste. They will also be more rocky instead of sticky (if there was caffeine in them), and will chop up to powder a lot faster and easier.10 minutes after scraping the amphetamines together, this was the result: Otherwise, I'd avoid it because it is going to leave residue on your coins. It is used for the treatment of Inappropriate ingestion. You can send drugs pills, powders, or pastes to DanceSafe (http://www.pillreports.com/) or Energy Control (http://energycontrol.org/) if you want professional GCMS testing. How to find nearest nail salons in your city? Amphetamine sulphate, as well as cocaine are often cut with caffeine and other nasty active ingredients. I made my own using HPLC grade solvents and 18 MegaOhm water. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? - Replace the distilled water every so often. In the end it's your needs, time, money, and energy that will dictate the best course. It dissolves many different things, especially things that are greasy or smell bad, but it wont dissolve meth. What is a good way for a laymen to purify alcohol to near 200 proof? Feel free to respond if something is unclear or if you see anything wrong with this post. 1.1 mol benzoic acid against 1 mol denatonium hydroxide, and the thus obtained mixture was stirred for 30 min. 1995 P Washington Quarter Mint Error - Broadstruck On Blank. Acetone is a pretty convenient solvent for cleaning random gunk off of meth. The bitterest compound knownDenatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals. Precisely. http://puu.sh/9fgpA/1a29512a57.jpghttp://puu.sh/9fhag/e499a5567f.jpg Long story short you don't want to use any kind of nail polish remover even if it says 100% acetone. Uncategorized; Keep away from synthetic materials and polished or painted surfaces. and also how is it work other method with everclear? Disclaimer: While a tremendous amount of effort goes into ensuring the accuracy of the information contained in this site, Coin Community assumes no liability for errors. Acetone, Denatonium Benzoate. Examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner. According to an article on Detection of Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) Remnants in Noncommercial Alcoholic Beverages by Raman Spectroscopy, published in J. Forensic Sci. . 1,1 . Based on . Country/Region of Manufacture: United States. About the discussion about the materials, the materials the syringe are made are actually irrelevant no? The addition of denatonium benzoate to liquid dish detergents and orange juice reduces the amount ingested by children. What will the use be for the final acetone? Sulphate, or the common amphetamine paste is not smokable (which real amphetamine base is). Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. It dissolves many different things, especially things that are greasy or smell bad, but it won't dissolve meth. If the speed is cleaned, can you smoke it then too? What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? Copyright: SIN Foundation 2003 - 2018, All rights reserved. @A.K. Cut open the baggy, remove the amphetamines, place on tray/plate.http://puu.sh/9fhag/e499a5567f.jpg This additive . Is there any way to obtain absolute ethyl alcohol from that mixture. Lots of chemicals say that they are flammable or to not use around open flame etc, but a lot of the time its written for legal liability issues for the MFC, and I assure anyone reading this, that you need to be SERIOUSLY thinking about static discharge, pilot lights, ANYTHING that could cause the more-than-5-times-as-explosive-as-gasoline compound that is Acetone. It is a compound of a salt with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharinate. June 30, 2022 . You will lose roughly 15% of the alcohol in the azeotropes. (Some people use it as a solvent for things like salvia tinctures because it dissolves salvinorin better than alcohol) Work with it in a well ventilated area or outside, the vapour can irritate your lungs in large amounts. Perhaps a mixed bed filtration or sequential filtration with a drying agent would be needed. DB removal was 2.9% for softened-settled water with a pH of 7.9.

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