economic importance of coconut

As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Omani people needed the coir rope from the coconut fiber to stitch together their traditional seagoing dhow vessels in which nails were never used. [113], Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a surfactant manufactured from coconut oil that is increasingly used as an ingredient in personal hygiene products and cosmetics, such as shampoos, liquid soaps, cleansers and antiseptics, among others. Omissions? Ingredient Lists); Major Food Allergens (food source names and examples)", "How to Tell When Coconuts Are Ripe on the Tree", "When Are Coconuts Ripe: Do Coconuts Ripen After They Are Picked", "ICC Quality Standard: Desiccated Coconut", "Exporting desiccated coconuts to Europe", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. Indonesia overtook it in 2010. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. [13] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [74], Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle) feeds on young leaves, and damages both seedlings and mature coconut palms. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. [165], Researchers from the Melbourne Museum in Australia observed the octopus species Amphioctopus marginatus use tools, specifically coconut shells, for defense and shelter. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. (1993). India contribute about 50% coir production. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Mathur, P.N. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. Philippine and Malayan dwarf coconuts diverged early into two distinct types. Coconut withstands conditions considered marginal for many food crops and is a stabilizing factor in the farming systems of fragile environments. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. Want this question answered? However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. Frison, E.A. From this vinegar jaggery and sugar is prepared. [27][29][30] Conran et al. The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. (1992). The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. Climbers employed in coconut plantations often develop musculoskeletal disorders and risk severe injury or death from falling. From fermented today alcohol is prepared. economic importance of coconut. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 11mm (38in) thick, starting at the distal end. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. Reduces inflammation. In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. The endocarp is around .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 millimetres (18 inch) thick and has three distinctive germination pores (micropyles) on the distal end. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. It is eaten as is or used as an ingredient in various dishes. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. Consumers feel that fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the healthiest formats available for processed fruits and vegetables, which has allowed the fresh-cut category to prosper. Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese n go and Arabo-Turkic rebab. It is spread by host insects, that thrive on heavy turf grasses. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. [33], The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. All rights reserved. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. (January 27, 1967). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. The President, National Coconut Producers, Processors and Marketers Association of Nigeria (NACOPPMAN), Nma Okoroji, has said coconuts can help generate over $400 billion for the Nigerian economy . [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. [18][19][20] and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. The coconut was a critical food item for the people of Polynesia, and the Polynesians brought it with them as they spread to new islands.[170]. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. Coconut Research Center. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. Coconut Research Center. The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. These varieties were selected for slower growth, sweeter coconut water, and often brightly-colored fruits. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. [76], Coconut palms are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. As per 201415 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.8%), Karnataka (25.2%), Kerala (24.0%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.2%). Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. Other cultivars of niu leka may also exist in other islands of the Pacific, and some are probably descendants of advanced crosses between Compact Dwarfs and Southeast Asian Dwarf types.[11][65]. Long-term consumption of coconut oil may have negative health effects similar to those from consuming other sources of saturated fats, including butter, beef fat, and palm oil. [48][51][57] During the colonial era, Pacific coconuts were further introduced to Mexico from the Spanish East Indies via the Manila galleons. Based on color and size, younger coconuts tend to be smaller and have brighter colors, while more mature coconuts have browner colors and are larger. [11] Many modern different varieties are also grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. nuciferae. [66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. He explained how at Guam "they eat coconuts" ("mangiano cochi") and that the natives there also "anoint the body and the hair with coconut and beniseed oil" ("ongieno el corpo et li capili co oleo de cocho et de giongioli"). Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Coconut buttons are often used for Hawaiian aloha shirts. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. The researchers concluded that it was brought by early Austronesian sailors to the Americas from at least 2,250 BP, and may be proof of pre-Columbian contact between Austronesian cultures and South American cultures. The husks can be used as flotation devices. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. They were commonly carried by Spanish ships as a source of fresh water. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more.[57]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. One of their first uses of the coconut was to produce cooking oil. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. For other uses, see, "Grated coconut" redirects here. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each coconut requires a year to fully ripen. Home Fruits What Is The Importance Of Coconut? Required fields are marked *. A recently discovered palm, Beccariophoenix alfredii from Madagascar, is nearly identical to the coconut, more so than the queen palm and can also be grown in slightly cooler climates than the coconut palm.

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